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In his article “The Management of Schools in Ncw South Wales (1848–1886): Local Initiative Suppressed”, E. J. Payne has argued that “The distinctly centralised pattern of educational administration did not evolve but was deliberately imposed, acceded to, and perpetuated, by reasonable people with varied motives, but their compromise was such that it has restricted the exercise of local initiative and the development of local institutions”. The purpose of the present article is to understand Wilkins and his employers' administrative problems and decisions rather than to judge them. The complexity of the historical situation in which they found themselves, the range of their possible decisions, and their day to day dealings with teachers and Local Boards as contained in archival records form the basis of the story told. This is mainly a story of the failure of many of the Local Boards to fulfil their responsibilities and the assessment by the Central administrators of the circumstances of their educational enterprise in country areas. To illustrate the financial, administrative, and geographical problems facing both the central and the local Boards a case study which is both typical and a‐typical of Local Patron performance is presented.

This article provides a brief account of the role of district boards of education in Western Australia, especially during the years 1871 to 1895. These boards were modelled on the English school boards set up under the Forster Act of 1870 and some attempt is made to explain why the original aim of decentralized decision‐making, along similar lines, eventually failed in the colony. The discussion is briefly placed within the context of other discussions of the early development of centralized administration in the eastern colonies and in Australia generally. An assessment is also made of the relevance to the particular case of Western Australia of some of the arguments previously advanced to account for the growth of centralized administrations.

Cloud computing flexibility has advantages for IT professionals as well as non‐technical users. This paper aims to look at cloud computing from the library instruction perspective. The authors aim to discuss types of cloud computing applications for organizing information and sharing content, creating tutorials, collaboration, scheduling and storage. Additionally, the paper seeks to discuss types of applications used at ISU for library instruction and implications for teaching.

The authors conducted a literature review followed by practical applications of library instruction that included cloud‐computing technologies.

The paper encourages library professionals to take advantage of cloud computing applications to provide better library instruction.

This paper offers insights on how cloud computing can be used for library instruction.

For almost a decade the OCDQ has proven to be one of the most “popular” instruments in research in educational administration. Developed by Halpin and Croft, the instrument claims to measure eight dimensions of a school's organizational climate. Such scores are then used to classify the school according to which one of six climate categories it belongs. Increasingly, the OCDQ is being subjected to closer scrutiny. Currently in the U.S.A. intense validation studies are in progress. This article reports on a similar study conducted in a sample of 72 primary schools in South Australia. Data from 727 respondents are analysed to produce a four factor solution. The factors are identified as supportiveness, operations emphasis, intimacy and disaffiliation.

Critical theory has rarely articulated an agenda for social change linking theory to practice. This paper provides several examples of “critical theory in practice” and focuses specifically on Fay’s Critical Social Science (CSS) model. The methods of conflict transformation are then applied to CSS in order to accomplish two goals. First, political conflicts resulting from decision making can be used to transform both individuals and systems. Second, CSS more adequately accounts for some of the non-rational aspects of human nature, such as our resistance to change, thus improving its catalytic validity as a critical social theory. Together, the processes of CSS and conflict transformation provide a framework for enhancing the potential for citizen governance.

This study aims to introduce a three-hole cooling unit to improve downstream cooling performance by jet interaction and coalescence at a lower manufacture cost.

A new three-hole cooling unit is proposed. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation is performed in the present study. The CFD package ANSYS CFX is used to predict film-cooling effectiveness and flow fields.

The results show that, at pitch ratio P/D = 3, Case 4 configuration with a round hole upstream and two trenched holes downstream can obtain a high cooling performance at a lower manufacture cost, especially at the higher turbulence. Considering the effect of increased pitch ratio, Case 6 configurations of three staggered trenched holes show a superior downstream cooling performance than Case 4 configurations. Case 6 configurations have the potential of achieving a high cooling performance with a reduced number of holes and less coolant flow.

The application of these cooling units in the turbine passage will be conducted in the future. The more detailed flow field will be simulated by large eddy simulation in the following research.

The round and trenched cooling holes have been proved to be achievable in the manufacture. This combined three-hole cooling unit will give the opportunity to increase turbine inlet temperature further.

Both cooling performance and practical manufacture are taken into account. This cooling scheme will give a superior surface protection on the hot components.

Argues that school boards were introduced and retained during the 19 foundational years of state education in New South Wales, not as token partners or mere money‐raisers, but as integral parts of the school system. Presents illustrations of the length to which the Board of National Education went to sustain local authority in support of the claim that the Board upheld liberal principles by taking seriously the role of school boards. Shows the successes of local participation in frontier conditions to have been sufficient to justify the Board′s encouragement of local control. Concludes that there was a complexity of interrelations inherent in the maintenance of local authority and that, contrary to what most historians have supposed hitherto, the policy pursued was not one of unalloyed centralism.

The purpose of this paper is to study the experiences of middle-class working mothers from the ITES (Information Technology Enabled Service) sector in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Their experiences of work from home are studied in the backdrop of the ideal worker model at work and the adult worker model at home. Further, the study aims to identify the need for sustainable, inclusive practices for working mothers in Indian organizations to break the male breadwinner model in middle-class households.

A qualitative approach to collect data from 39 middle-class mothers working in MNCs in four metro cities in India. The semi-structured, in-depth interviews focused on their experiences of motherhood, care and work before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

The pandemic made it evident that the ideal worker model in organizations and the adult worker model at home were illusions for working mothers. The results indicate a continued obligation of the “ideal worker culture” at organizations, even during the health crisis. It made the working mothers realize that they were chasing both the (ideal worker and adult worker) norms but could never achieve them. Subsequently, the male breadwinner model was reinforced at home due to the matrix of motherhood, care and work during the pandemic. The study concludes by arguing the reconstruction of the ideal worker image to make workplaces more inclusive for working mothers.

The study is placed in the context of Indian middle-class motherhood during the pandemic, a demography less explored in the literature. The paper puts forth various myths constituting the gendered realities of Indian middle-class motherhood. It also discusses sustainable, inclusive workplace practices for mothers from their future workplaces' standpoint, especially in post-pandemic times.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the key individuals, associations and significant events contributing to the establishment and first 50 years of successful publication of the Journal of Educational Administration.

This paper is historical in design. Information relevant to its 50 years of publication has been obtained from the JEA's 172 Editorials and from minutes of Editorial Advisory Board and Management Committee meetings, supplemented by personal editorial memoranda.

Recognised as one of the leading generalist international journals in its field, the Journal of Educational Administration has until recently been edited in Australia. The most eminent international scholars in the field have published in the JEA throughout its lifetime. Esteemed scholars have also occupied positions on its Editorial Board. The JEA has enjoyed close and supportive associations with several prominent professional organisations including UCEA and CCEA.

This paper does not include detailed information about the content of the almost 1,000 articles published throughout its history. This is the subject of other specific research undertakings.

The JEA was the first generalist international journal in the field of educational administration. Its first volume appeared in 1963. It has reached the age of 50 years and hence this paper's report of such may provide a basis for similar studies of other journals as they achieve significant milestones.